To je odlična odločitev. To je “evergreen” članek, ki bo relevanten tudi leta 2030, a z dodanim kontekstom leta 2025 (Btrfs, NVMe strukture) bo izpadel zelo svež in strokoven.

Zastavil sem ga pedagoško, a tehnično natančno. Razložil bom standard FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard) na način, ki ga bo razumel vsak, ki prihaja iz Windows sveta.

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Linux Directory Structure Explained: Where is My C: Drive?

Migrating to Linux involves unlearning one major habit: looking for “Local Disk (C:)”. Here is the engineering logic behind the Linux file system.

If you have just installed Linux (perhaps Fedora 43 or Ubuntu 24.10) on your machine, you have likely opened the file manager and experienced a moment of panic: “Where is my hard drive? Where is the C: drive?”

As an engineer who manages multi-boot systems across varying storage types (NVMe, SSDs), I can assure you: your files are safe. They are just organized differently.

In Windows, every storage device is a separate “bucket” with a letter (C:, D:, E:). In Linux, everything is part of a single “Tree,” starting from one root. There are no letters, only paths.

In this guide, I will walk you through the Linux directory structure so you can navigate your new system with the confidence of a sysadmin.

The Root of It All: /

In the Windows world, the top of the hierarchy is usually C:\.

In the Linux world, the top of the hierarchy is simply / (Forward Slash). We call this Root.

Every single file, folder, hard drive, USB stick, or webcam on your computer exists somewhere inside this /. Even if you add a second 2TB NVMe SSD to your PC, it doesn’t get a new letter; it gets “mounted” as a folder inside this main tree.

/home: Your Personal “My Documents”

If you are looking for your files, this is the only folder you really need to care about initially.

• Windows equivalent: C:\Users\YourName

• Linux location: /home/yourname

This is where your Downloads, Documents, Pictures, and Desktop folders live. On my ThinkPad P14s, my /home directory is actually on a completely separate partition from the system files. This is a best practice in 2025: if I reinstall the operating system (the / root), my personal data in /home stays untouched.

/bin and /usr: Where Programs Live

Beginners often ask: “Where is Program Files?”

Linux doesn’t clump programs into one folder per application. Instead, it splits them by file type to save space and improve speed.

• /bin (Binaries): This is where the actual executable programs live (like firefox, ls, grep).

• /usr (User System Resources): This contains the majority of your software.

  • /usr/bin: Applications installed by your package manager.

  • /usr/lib: Shared libraries (like .dll files in Windows) that programs use.

  • /usr/share: Icons, fonts, and sound files shared by all apps.

Engineering Note: In modern distributions like Fedora 43, /bin is often just a symbolic link pointing to /usr/bin. This unification simplifies the structure.

/etc: The Brain of the System

• Windows equivalent: The Windows Registry (mostly).

• Linux concept: Editable Text Configuration.

This is my favorite directory. In Linux, system settings aren’t hidden in a complex, binary database like the Registry. They are simple text files.

For example, your Wi-Fi settings, user lists, and time zone configs are all here. If you want to change how your global system behaves, you edit a text file in /etc.

/mnt and /run: Where is my USB Stick?

This is the answer to the “Where is my D: drive?” question.

When you plug in a USB drive or an external SSD in 2025, modern Linux systems (using GNOME or KDE) usually mount it automatically in:

• /run/media/yourname/USB-Name

If you want to permanently add a drive (like a secondary game drive), you—as the administrator—would traditionally mount it in:

• /mnt (Mount)

Think of these folders as “portals” to your other physical drives. The drive isn’t a letter; it’s just another folder in the tree.

You may also read:

Terminal for Beginners: 10 Basic Linux Terminal Commands You Must Know

Beyond the Basics: 7 Intermediate Linux Terminal Commands to Boost Your Workflow

/dev: Everything is a File

This is a more advanced concept, but essential. In Linux, hardware is treated as a file.

• /dev (Device): Contains files that represent your hardware.

  • /dev/nvme0n1: Your primary NVMe SSD.

  • /dev/sda: Your secondary SATA SSD or HDD.

  • /dev/video0: Your webcam.

You don’t “open” these files, but your system talks to hardware through them.

Quick Reference Summary Table (2025 FHS)

Don’t Fear the Tree

The Linux directory structure might look intimidating at first, but it is actually far more logical than the Windows method of assigning random letters to drives. It offers a unified view of your entire system.

Once you get used to typing cd /home instead of clicking “My Computer,” you will appreciate the efficiency.

Test Configuration (Verification):

• OS: Fedora Workstation 43

• Filesystem: Btrfs (with Subvolumes)

• Hardware: Lenovo ThinkPad P14s G5 (2TB NVMe)

• Kernel: 6.17+